Design and characterization of chitosan and chitosan/PVA microbeads for gallic acid delivery

Tissue engineering enables the development of tissues and organs that closely replicate physiological dimensions and functions. This field aims to address challenges related to organ transplantation, regenerative medicine, and the treatment of damaged tissues by designing biomaterials that can support cellular growth and tissue repair. One of the most important aspects of tissue engineering is the development of advanced delivery systems for drugs and active substances, which play a critical role in promoting regeneration. Controlled release, stability, and compatibility with the engineered environment are crucial parameters for these systems, as they influence the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic applications. In this study, microbeads for active compounds delivery were designed using two materials: a chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (9:1 CS:PVA) polymer blend and pure chitosan modified with a polyphenolic compound, gallic acid. The physicochemical properties of the obtained microspheres, such as swelling ratio, microstructure, wettability, and active compound release, were analysed. The 9:1 CS:PVA+GA composite demonstrated the most promising characteristics as an active substance carrier, particularly due to its favourable release profile. These results suggest that this material could be an effective drug delivery system that offers controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents. Further research, especially investigating the biological properties of these materials, is needed to fully confirm their suitability for practical applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.