Rola Unii Europejskiej w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego państwa : na przykładzie ropy naftowej

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie kluczowych elementów polityki energetycznej UE zapewniających bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państwom członkowskim, rozumiane jako stan gospodarki umożliwiający pokrycie bieżącego i przyszłego zapotrzebowania odbiorców na paliwa i energię w sposób technicznie i ekonomicznie uzasadniony, przy zachowaniu wymagań ochrony środowiska. Ponadto w artykule pokazano rolę UE w zapewnieniu pomocy związanej ze wsparciem dostaw ropy naftowej oraz przeciwdziałaniu sytuacjom kryzysowym.

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The European Union is one of the most important economic alliances that involves issues connected with energy security. In the situation of decreasing own energy sources and rowing dependence of its Member States, the level and measures of energy security have become an essential element of the EU energy policy and the integration of Member states’ energy market has been a key move. In fact, most European Union’s activities in the area of power industry are directed to build an internal energy market. From the point of view of a balanced development, the EU energy policy involves the following three aims: providing energy security through minimization of risk and the influence of decreasing energy supplies on the Member States' economy, creating competitive energy systems and activities aiming at the integration of energy creation and use maintaining the balance of nature. The growth of energy security is favoured by creating conditions of competitiveness, understood as creating identical conditions of activity for all energy market participants, rationalization of the energy use, improving the effectiveness of energy creating, sending and using as well as the development of the use of national (especially local, renewable including) sources of energy. In order to improve the energy security, a mechanism is needed that would enable instant response in an energy crisis situation. Therefore the EU suggests creating an inter-governmental crisis response mechanism, based on solidarity between Member States. The proposition to construct more cross-border connections would meet this need. The security of energy carriers’ supplies is also crucial, thus Poland's main political task in the energy security area is to create a common European policy of energy cooperation with main suppliers, particularly with the Russian Federation.