Badania pozycjonowania paneli fotowoltaicznych na terytorium Polski

W artykule, metodą symulacyjną, wyznaczono najbardziej korzystny kąt pochylenia panelu fotowoltaicznego dla wybranych miejscowości w Polsce, a następnie zasymulowano jednoosiowy, nadążny system ruchu za Słońcem. Roczną energię, uzyskaną przy wykorzystaniu systemu nadążnego, porównano z energią, uzyskaną z panelu fotowoltaicznego, który był zamontowany w stałej pozycji nakierowania.

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The paper presents the results of simulation research on the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels in selected cities of Poland. The simulation was performed using the specialized computer software - Insel, which allowed simulating the work of the renewable energy sources. For the survey simulation there was selected a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel of 185 W power and 14,49 % efficiency. The optimal tilt angle of panels, at which the biggest value of energy was obtained, based on the simulation, was respectively: 24° for Warsaw, 27° for Wroclaw, 30° for Gdansk and Poznan and 38° for Rzeszow. In the second part of the paper there is described the simulation of a single-axis solar-tracking system performed with use of a computer application. The simulation was made for the same cities of Poland, as that for the optimal value of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic module. The researched solar-tracking system tracked the movement of the Sun in the vertical axis, while in the horizontal axis there was set the permanent optimal value of the panel tilt, determined based on the simulation. The application of the mentioned solar-tracking system caused the growth of the obtained energy from 18% (Warsaw) to 26% (Gdansk), depending on the place of the panel location.