MORÁLNÍ DŮKAZ EXISTENCE BOHA PODLE KANTA

Human (non-intuitive) thinking continues either in the order of causality or in the order of finality. The order of causality submits the particular to the universal according to the category of cause, which is ultimately founded on the transcendental subject. The order of finality submits the particular to the universal according to the final end, which is not determined through any category, but freely presupposed through the capacity of judging (Urteilskraft) as the transcendental object (concretely: transcendent person). Neither reflection reaches its ground in the transcendental subject, nor does devotion reach its final end in the transcendental object. Therefore causal thinking achieves things only as appearances (phaenomena); the final judging is open to the noumenal reality, but does not fulfill the conditions of reflection and disappears in the unconsciousness. It is the task of human existence to unite both directions of activity, contemplation and action. This proposition cannot be realized through the power of humanity alone. The presupposition and the aim of the unity of humanity is God. The problem of the existence of God may be placed in these terms. This problem – theoretical and practical – is not only gnoseological, but existential, as well. This paper would like to find certain indications of this direction by Kant himself.