Złoty wiek filozofii polskiej

The XXth century was, despite the conditions which Polish philosophers had to face, a period of universal growth for Polish philosophy. The thought of Roman Ingarden was developing in a rich variety of contexts. Logic was an area of great Polish achievement: the works of Alfred Tarski and Jan Łukasiewicz achieved global significance. Eminent logicians emerged out of the Lvov-Warsaw School (Leśniewski, Ajdukiewicz, Kotarbiński) and the Cracow Circle (Bocheński, Salamucha). The philosophers of the School also dealt in epistemology and methodology, as well as in ontology (Kotarbiński) – a subject of particular importance to Ingarden. Classical metaphysics was being developed in Lublin, but also elsewhere by independent, original thinkers such as Chwistek, S. I. Witkiewicz, and Elzenberg. And when it came to other philosophical disciplines close to Ingarden’s heart: axiology, aesthetics, and ethics, there were outstanding thinkers coming from a variety of schools of philosophical thought (Wallis, Ossowska, Ossowski, Elzenberg).