Specjalizacja w rolnictwie jako element zwiększający ryzyko w produkcji i sposoby przeciwdziałania

Progressing specialization and concentration of production on farms as well as simplifying of production structure increase productivity. However, specialization may increase the risk of decreased farm income, especially when adverse weather conditions or market changes affect a narrow range of products manufactured in a specialized farm. Increased concentration of production and specialization may also have a negative impact on the environment. On farms, where only plant production is conducted, the soil organic matter content can decline. Strong simplifying of plant rotation and forced usage of increased amounts of chemical pesticides also threaten biodiversity. On the other hand, on farms specializing in cattle breeding and poultry, excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizers may occur, which threaten the natural environment. The smallest threat to the environment produce dairy farms where livestock density is on average about 1 LU / ha and farms with mixed livestock and crop production. Mixed farms are also less exposed to risk, but they are characterized by low productivity and therefore less competitive.