SÉMANTICKÁ INFORMÁCIA, MISINFORMÁCIA A DEZINFORMÁCIA

The presented paper advocates the unified account of semantic information, misinformation, and disinformation (3I) which uses “semantic correspondence” and “intention” understood as their main distinctive features. It is argued that the proposed approach is neutral about the misleadingness of messages and their meaning and about the evaluation of truthfulness of factual sentences. The suggested model also comprises a wider variety of language expressions than existing conceptions while securing a simple, intuitive but subtle explanation of its individual components and related issues. Primarily, it leaves enough space for the distinction between 1) “relativistic” approach to 3I, which mainly focuses on pragmatic aspects of communication in dynamic multi-agent systems, and 2) special epistemological procedures, which often do not presuppose such a multi-agent environment and work with 3I in “absolute” terms.