Vesmírná jeviště v „lidských bíd hospodách“. Barokní zázraky v dějinách Českých Budějovic a Klatov od Jana Floriána Hammerschmidta

After summing up basic information on the life and work of Jan Florian Hammerschmidt (1652-1735), the study concentrates on two Hammerschmidt’s texts: the Czech print Hystorye Klattowská W Sedm Djlu rozdělená (Prague 1699) and the Latin manuscript Gloria Regiae Liberaeque Montanae Urbis Boemo-Budvicensis (dated 1715). Hammerschmidt was a Czech and Latin writing priest, who entered Czech cultural history as an unusually prolific historian. He pursued the history of churches, religious institutions and Bohemian towns (we have infor-mation on unpreserved manuscripts dedicated to Tábor, Litoměřice, Žatec, Plzeň, České Budějovice, Prague towns, Mladá Boleslav, Chrudim, Bydžov, Německý Brod, Litomyšl, Vysoké Mýto, Louny, Klatovy, Kutná Hora, Mělník and Most). The study is dedicated to research into books of miracles, which are present in both texts, and interpretations of miracles as an integral part of the pre-modern world. Comparison of miraculously cured people beside the České Budějovice and Klatovy Our Lady of Grace paintings surprisingly suggests that the České Budějovice citizens largely prevail over the Klatovy citizens, who show only a scarce appearance. The fact that Klatovy citizens tried to integrate miraculously cured or otherwise pro-tected supplicants coming from a broader area of south-west Bohemia into “their” history is likewise interesting. A major part of the essay deals with Hammerschmidt’s emphasis on particular historical events, which appear in his elaboration on the history of České Budě-jovice and Klatovy. In Klatovy, attention is paid to pagan events in place of the future town. Hammerschmidt’s concept is compared with formulations written in Jan Kla-tovský’s manuscript, which is now preserved in the Prague National Museum. It probably served Hammerschmidt as an important source of information. Historiography, which found a unifying element in God’s choice of particular locations or sacral subjects, impersonated a very vigorous approach to searching for the meaning of history in the Czech Baroque. It often appended and cutely penetrated works aimed at municipal, national or personal history. Perception of history based on homeland study on the one hand and dogmatic study on the other hand hampered its full integration in the historiographic “scholastic” and literary artistic context for a long time. Hammerschmidt’s Hystorye Klattowská occupies an exceptional position in this type of Baroque texts, because it integrates into a harmonious complex a pagan 55 pre-history and Christian history of a town through a concrete Marian marvel and subsequent miracles. Bleeding of a Marian painting was put in the centre of territorial history by Hammerschmidt and everything that preceded it was understood as precursor of what led to the divine event of 1685. By an act of providence, the location had been sanctified much earlier before it started to be connected with the grace artefact and centre of pilgrim activities. Similarly, everything that was worth recording after its entry in territorial history made sense only through them; the book of miracles transformed into a book of municipal history. A particular town location of the Bohemian countryside thus was this written in the spiritual map of the country and Europe (the role of Our Lady of Grace from Klatovy in the Turks’ defeat was particularly emphasised) and – if we realize the specifics of the Latin prologue, which is filled with astrological arguments on the exceptionality of Klatovy – in the whole universe.