OD LITERÁRNEJ KOMUNIKÁCIE K LITERÁRNEMU SYSTÉMU. „SYSTÉM“ A „POZOROVATEĽ“: DVA KĽÚČOVÉ KONCEPTY (BUDÚCEJ) LITERÁRNEJ VEDY

General systems theory has offered various options about how to conceptualise systems. Opposing Luhmann’s narrow conception of system, the author proposes to combine systems- and actor theoretical approaches in order to model social systems (including literature) as nonlinear, interrelated complexes of systems where causal structures depend – among other things – upon the decision of goal-oriented subsystems, namely actors whose sociality is introduced into the system via culture. The second part of this chapter is devoted to some consequences arriving from the observer problem; e.g. the mutual construction of system and environment, the relation observer: meaning vis a vis the operational closure of cognitive systems, and a constructivist reading of the concept of the ‘empirical’.