Makroekonomiczne czynniki rozwoju powojennej Japonii

The government bureaucracy has been instrumental in the industrial growth of Japan since the beginning of the Meiji Restoration in 1868. But the economic initiative was always on the part of the private sector. Especially, the business role in R+D finance is worth mentioning (70 per cent of the total value of investments). First of all, the technological edge is kept by keiretsu firms and their subsidiaries, as well as subcontractors. Three reasons seem to be crucial: 1) growth-orientation in a firm, 2) a good knowledge of production, research and marketing by the Japanese managers, 3) decentralized information plus centralized personnel policy (DI CP). The macroeconomic factors considered in this paper include: 1) the correct level of foreign exchange rate, 2) the relative prices of capital goods, 3) a low interest rate, 4) taxes on a functional basis. Also the importance of economic visions is perceived. And in conclusion, the excellent educational standards of the Japanese society and its high saving-propensity are discussed.