The evolution of pro-social values, in the light of game-theory experiments

The author summarizes the latest findings of research into the evolution of the pro-social values that enable the creation of society. Attention is focused on the results of the last decade based on various experiments in society (using the prisoner's dilemma, dictator, ultimatum and common-property games). Examinations of communities at different levels of economic development outline a course of evolution of pro-social values. The author explains in terms of ethno-centrism the contradictory results of assumptions about collectors thought to be equalizing. As group size increases, the level of trust and cooperation falls. The various welfare institutions of the state develop to compensate for this. Pro-social values in modern societies undergo dual change influenced by the market and international division of labour. On the one hand, trust and propensity to cooperate is extended to strangers, and on the other, social contacts are reinforced by the market (and money).