Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne Rosji w warunkach sankcji gospodarczych UE w kontekście posiadanych międzynarodowych przewag konkurencyjnych

The main goal of this paper is to discuss Russia’s economic security amid the economic sanctions imposed on it by the European Union in 2014 in response to Russia’s annexation of Crimea and its support for the separatist forces in eastern Ukraine. According to the thesis put forward in the paper, over the course of the last two years (2014–2015) a noticeable decline in Russia’s economic security has been observed, as evidenced by its growing macroeconomic instability. Undisputedly, one of the main causes is the existing dysfunctional, raw material-based model of the Russian economy, the consequence of which are among others high vulnerability to fluctuations on international raw material markets, low efficiency of state institutions as such as well as low international competitiveness. The economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the EU have had an indirect, rather than a direct, impact on macroeconomic stability and thus on Russia’s economic security; what is more, in the long-run they might adversely affect the international competitiveness of the Russian economy, which could also further influence its economic security.