УКРАЇНСЬКЕ ВІОЛОНЧЕЛЬНЕ МИСТЕЦТВО І ТРАДИЦІЇ ПЕТЕРБУРЗЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ К. Ю. ДАВИДОВА

The article considers the pedagogical principles of teaching playing the cello of K. Y. Davydov. The implementation of these principles in performing and pedagogical practice of his students and followers in Ukraine are described. The role of pedagogical system Petersburg cello school in the development of Ukrainian cello art is revealed. Innovations of K. Y. Davydov in cello technique were directed primarily to the release of passage movements, achieving naturalness and freedom, while the marvelous passage technique was interpreted as a means of development of its themes, getting in his works extraordinary melody. Largely contributed to this set by K. Y. Davydov fingering principles, which provided a variety of opportunities for phrasing. Having systematized fingering according to the single principle in gammas, K. Y. Davydov separately developed a technique of the use of the thumb of the left hand on the fingerboard.The same approach was seen concerning expressive functions of strokes that have beenthat have been applied in accordance with the character of music. Through a combination of expressive and virtuoso-technical qualities, works of K. Y. Davydov have not lost their value in teaching and partly concert practice today.Pedagogical and methodological views of K. Y. Davydov were embodied in his cello«School» (1888), on which he worked during the last years of his life, having finished only the first part. So far thiswork has not lost its significance, as K. Y. Davydov rationalized many cello techniques; legalized the use of «bayonet» (spire); introduced many changes in the technique of the right hand. He developed a special kind of technique of play that got in the world of cello art the name of«Davydov’s hinge», besides he developed the technique of changing positions, that is contributed to the development of free passage movements. The principles of classical play technology, developed by K. Y. Davydov, opened the way to the use of cello expressive features not only in the ensemble and orchestral, but also in solo performance. Introduction of established principles reflected in the choice of repertoire, where were excluded technically complex, but vacuous virtuoso works. Performing, teaching and composing activity of K. Y. Davydov has significantly influenced contemporary music practice. Created in St. Petersburg cello school nearly half a century was the leading in Europe.