Zasada reprezentacji i siła oddziaływania izb drugich parlamentów zachodnioeuropejskich państw federalnych

The principle of representation is one of the most interesting problem in the second chambers of parliaments. The particular meaning of this problem we can find in federal states. The papers presents a description and comparison of the method of composition of the representation in the second chambers of parliaments in Austria, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. The article as a different problem presents a question of the power of the second chambers of parliaments in discussed federations.