Solidarna odpowiedzialność współwłaścicieli względem dożywotnika

The liability of co-owners of a real estate encumbered with the right belonging to an annuitant is joint and several by force of statutory provision (Art. 910 § 2 of the Polish Civil Code). The joint and several liability of co-owners occurs in particular when an ownership of a real estate is transferred on the basis of an annuity contract to more than one transferee. The liability may also occur as a result of a further transfer of a real estate encumbered already with an annuitant’s right which leads that the real estate becomes subject to a co-ownership. It is considered in the paper the question when and to what extent changes of co-owners, their shares and a dissolution of co-ownership may affect the annuitant’s right. The most important factors, which need to be taken into consideration are: range of shares in a real estate, which are encumbered with the annuitant’s right and the mode (judicial or non-judicial) of dissolution of co-ownership. The last two questions elaborated in this paper concern the scope of joint and several liability of co-owners in particular if their performances are the same only to some extent and the scope of redress claims which occur when one of the co-owners liable jointly and severally satisfies the annuitant’s claims.