Człowiek a społeczeństwo w filozofii Heraklita z Efezu

The aim of the article is to give an answer to the question whether Heraclitus’s of Ephesus views can offer an inspiration to individuals who deal with considering sociopolitical and legal issues. The author presents difficulties which are encountered while interpreting Heraclitus’ work: the aphoristic style and the fact that it is merely fragments that have been preserved till out times. The reconstruction of the thinker’s views covers both ontological and epistemological aspects which make the main object of his reflections and provide the starting point to determine the relation between man and society. People, by their nature, are not equal, hence Heraclitus was an advocate of a hierarchical social structure, with wise men placed in the lead of it. Positive law should sanction such a social order that is a reflection of Lagos – the rational principle governing the dynamic reality. In the conclusion, the author puts forward the thesis that Heraclitus’ views can be regarded as currently valid, since in the 21st century man has still been confronted with the feeling of being lost in the changeable reality, as well as with attempts at its rationalization, which seems to be indeed an instinctive need.