Политическая культура польского общества

Текст посвящен политической культуре польского общества после 1989 г. Чтобы раскрыть ее специфику, в работе представлены исторические модели политической культуры польского общества периода Первой Речи Посполитой, а также времен ПНР. На фоне исторической перспективы формулируется следующий тезис: после 1989 г. в политической культуре польского общества появились новые существенные явления. Определенные ценности и модели поведения являются факторами, стимулирующими системные реформы и способствующими формированию консолидированной демократии, однако некоторые действуют деструктивно.

The text is devoted to the political culture of the Polish society after 1989. To show its specificity, the historic models of the political culture of the Polish society were referred to: both from the period of the First Republic of Poland and from the time of the People's Republic of Poland. From the historic perspective a thesis is put forward that new significant phenomena emerged in the political culture of the Polish society after 1989. Certain values and behaviour models stimulate reforms of the system and favour the shaping of consolidated democracy, while others have a dysfunctional impact. On the example of trust in public institutions it may be stated that changes in the political culture took place within the axiological and the evaluative-affective components. The citizens’ expectations towards politicians rose and their criticism in assessing them increased. This might be a factor stimulating the improvement of the quality of democracy. For some time, a certain crisis of public confidence could be seen in the Polish parliamentary system. This is the more negative side of the ongoing processes. This does not mean, however, that the Polish society rejects pluralist democracy with its mechanisms. A huge part of the political elites is negatively assessed. In the opinion of many citizens they do not fulfill the standards required by the well-developed parliamentary democracy.