Iluzje — złudzenia — omamy. Zniekształcenia percepcyjne w literaturze rosyjskiej XIX wieku na przykładzie małych form prozatorskich

The aim of this text is to review the issue of one of the most dominant themes of 19th-century Russian literature — mental illness, and avery special way of depicting it in short literary pieces. As one can see, the perception of mental illness at that time was strongly related to distortion of senses, both visual and auditory, seen as illusions, delusions and halucinations. A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, F. Dostoevsky, V. Odoevsky, L. Tolstoy and A. Chekhov dealt with this issue in their novellas and short stories, underlining great idealistic, worldview, anthropological and political problems.