Zapożyczenia leksykalne w języku przesiedleńców z Trembowli i Wierzbowiec na Podolu

In the article the author presents the data from the dictionary of the Polish dialect used in the South-Eastern Borderlands (on the basis of Trembowla and Wierzbowiec). The analysis focuses on the borrowings and particularly on the semantic changes which the words undergo as a result of a direct contact of three tongues: Polish, Ukrainian and Russian. The foreign-language items in the dictionary are not simple for the evaluation and classification because they tend to show multidirectional influences – of a specific language, of the lexical composition of the mother tongue. A particularly distinct borderline occurs between regionalisms and Ukrainian and German influences. The biggest problems in interpretation are caused by the vocabulary items that overlap in these languages, so that it is not often possible to reconstruct the direction of the influence. Certain expressions, e.g. of German origin, are found both in Polish and Ukrainian. It is then difficult to establish whether they are independent loans in each of the languages or they have been borrowed via an intermediary language, either Polish or Ukrainian.