Nowa ontologia czy „prywatna metafizyka”? Kilka uwag na marginesi „syntezy krytycznej” Fiodora Stiepuna

This article is devoted to research of metaphysical inclinations of Russian Neo-Kantianism. I suppose that Post-neo-Kantian turn to „the new ontology” has its equivalent in the ideas of Russian disciples of Windelband and Rickert. I concentrate on the early philosophical views of Fyodor Stepun (1885–1965). I want to show why the project of Neo-Kantian „new critical synthesis” was failed. I present three main elements of Stepun’s philosophy: (1) his realistic inclinations (realistic interpretation of space), (2) vision/looking as the method of philosophical speculation, (3) subjective and personalistic nature of his philosophy. In my opinion these were the most important factors which caused transformation of „new critical synthesis” into religiously inspired metaphysical thinking.