Dziad i formy pochodne jako wyrazy motywujące w onimii polskiej

The article takes up the problem of the mutual relations of appellatives and the secondary category, in relation to them, of proper names in a diachronic formulation. The goal of this article was to attempt to trace the fortunes of the appellative dziad and derivative forms as terms motivating the creation of many names in Polish onymy, primarily in anthroponymy and toponymy. Proper names in diachronic formulation comprise a secondary category in relation to appellatives, and in connection with this, the studies had a multi-directional character — they dealt with both the appellative layer of the language as well as the proprial. The lexico-semantic methodology used in the article is based on the meaning of appellative lexical units, with consideration of their polysemy and meaning shifts. Proper names were subjected to further analysis based on genetico-motivational interpretation of the onyms. The studies conducted made it possible to grasp and show the development of the proprial category in Polish onymy in close connection with the history of development of the appellative sphere from the Early Slavic period to contemporary times. As a result of various conditioning, linguistic and beyond, primarily anthropological and cultural, the proud dziad changed into the needy beggar dziad, that is, negative reprofiling of its initial fundamental meaning) occurred. This was reflected also in the proprial sphere of the language.