Adaptácia antroponým cudzieho pôvodu v slovenčine a španielčine

This article compares the adaptation of anthroponyms of foreign origin in Slovak and Spanish across historical periods. We analyze ancient names of Latin and Greek origin where Spanish shows, in general, a deeper level of adaptation. We have also included biblical, Near Eastern, and Egyptian names and names from the medieval and early modern periods, where the predominant tendency is to find native equivalents, not only for first names, but for surnames as well (in a significantly more systematic way in the case of Spanish). Nowadays the clear tendency is to maintain the original graphic form of foreign names in languages using the Latin alphabet, except for names of popes and monarchs. Searching more widely, the article analyzes rules for transcribing names from Slavic languages, Arabic, and Chinese, noting a greater degree of adaptation in Spanish. Different approaches are found in transcription of Chinese names, with Spanish using pinyin and Slovak employing a system of transcription based on its own alphabet. The article concludes with translations of anthroponyms, highlighting variations in the use or absence of translation of descriptive names (nombres parlantes, e.g. Schneewittchen) into the two languages analyzed.