ЗАКЛАДЕННЯ НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНОГО ТА ЗАГАЛЬНОПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО БАЗИСУ МОРСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ(ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ)

Formation of scientific-pedagogical and general pedagogic basis for maritime education in the XVIII century is described scarcely in the works of educationalists. There was made an attempt to point out those aspects of general trends in education, which influenced most of all maritime education and training. In this article the author provides detailed analysis of the heritage of researchers, state officials and military commanders of the second half of the XVIII century in terms of their influence onto establishment, development and evolution of maritime education system. The contribution of N. Kurhanov, M. Lomonosov, L. Eiler, A. Shyshkov, I. Betskyi was alalised. The article reveals their input into the development of home maritime education. In the XVIII century there took place the establishment of maritime education both at legislation level and at the level of institutions – there emerged a set of educational establishments to train seafarers; maritime science took its start in those times. Comparative analysis of major scientific works of the century gives the possibility to state that the number of works done by Russian authors – academicians, professors, marine officers, heads and teachers of maritime schools – grew. A great number of textbooks of mathematics, mechanics, astronomy and related sciences as well as special subjects – navigation, nautical cartography, rigging – were written in this period. Gradually there had happened a shift in teaching from “question-answer” mode to declarative teaching at high scientific level. At the same time, it should be noted that teaching process in Maritime education institutions was held by professional seafarers, mainly of military navy, as it was the demand of the time on the one hand and on the other – the only way to train really competitive maritime professional for rapidly growing Russian Navy. Nevertheless, no matter how rapid the growth was, a lot of textbooks used for education and training seafarers were translations from other European languages (mainly French, German and English). It was found out that the works of the XVIII century representatives formed the basis for the future rapid development of the maritime professionals’ training system.