Federacja europejska — projekt polityczny czy utopia?

In the past, in the discourse (in the 1940s and 1950s) which led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community, different concepts and demands created the set of concepts calling to building the unity and the peace in Europe in the spirit of federalism. These concepts were the dominant and most important theory underlying the integration project. Now, in the face of crises in the European Union (leadership crisis, financial crisis, structural crisis), the discussion on the idea of federation as possible finalité politique is gaining popularity again. This article attempts to answer the question whether federalist’s demands are a viable political project or utopia, which remain unrealized. For this aim, the author made a comparison between classical and contemporary federal concepts taking into consideration the arguments for the creation of the European federation, methods and effects.