Categorization of instruments used in turnaround processes under conditions of financial distress

The objective of this article was to analyze and categorize the instruments implemented by enterprises recognized as being financially distressed, used in response to such distress. The instruments were implemented in the turnaround process. In order to achieve the research objective, the following research hypothesis was verified: depending on the size of the enterprise (small or medium), various instruments are assessed as being effective and thus they can be subjected to the categorization process. The study encompassed a total of 259 small and 138 medium-sized enterprises from Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine.