Kary pieniężne jako sankcje wymierzane na podstawie art. 13k ustawy o drogach publicznych za nieuiszczenie opłaty elektronicznej

The penalty system specified in the Act on public roads for non-payment of electronic tolls on a national road and the cumulative way of imposing them by the Inspectorate of Road Transport raise doubts both at the level of administration substantive law and procedural law. The paper addresses the problem of inconsistent determination by the legislature of the entity obligor to pay a fee (a road user) and the entity threatened with sanction (a driver). Discussions have been taken up on the disproportionate penalties imposed pursuant to Article 13k of the Act on public roads.