Z dziejów emigracji chińskiej do Ameryki Łacińskiej w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku

In the nineteenth century started on the unprecedented earlier scale migration from China to the areas of the Americas. The main group were coolies, the new cheap, slave manpower. Their migration, caused by the internal crisis in China, on the other by growing demand for manpower in Americas, lasted almost until the end of the century, and on a smaller scale already in the first decades of the twentieth century. More than half a million Chinese settled in the western hemisphere, most in Cuba and Peru. Immigrants didn't assimilate with the local people and created closed „Chinese" enclaves. This and economic competition caused hostility towards the „yellow plague", often expressed in pogroms of immigrants. Chinese emigration to american states also had an impact on China relations with them (in such issues as the establishment of diplomatic relations and signing treaties about status of the Chinese minority).