Problematyka traumy zbiorowej we współczesnej nauce rosyjskiej

The author analyses modern trends of Russian humanitarian science in the study of collective traumas. Two areas of the research can be distinguished as psychological and sociological. Within the psychological direction, an emphasis is placed on the study of collective traumatic experiences subsequently reflected in memories. Within the framework of sociological direction, traumas of historical memory, which are political constructs, are studied. The constructivist approach to traumas focuses not on the traumatic events themselves, but on their representations in the media, representation technologies and political actors. An example of reflection and research on collective trauma is the image of I.V. Stalin, whose contradictory attitude in mass consciousness makes it possible to formulate several important conclusions about the trauma of the past in modern Russian science. 1. The continuing importance of the past as a basis for collective identity, manifested by the sacralization of certain historical events. 2. The past is seen as the target of a possible attack. 3. From the sacralization of the past, the desire of convergence of points of view grows, when the past turns from the subject of social consensus and public agreements into the absolute basis of collective identity, rather than the experience that fits into this framework into collective trauma.