Wpływ zjawisk elektrostatycznych na brudzenie się werniksów z żywic sztucznych

The article is a summary of the work published in academic books of the Copernicus University in Toruń. Basing on th e observations and experience the authors put forward a hypothesis th a t the main reason of a rapid soiling of varnishes from synthetic resins is their proneness to produce and acculmulate electrostatic charge. It has been proved experimentally th a t th a t is so; moreover, the factors determining th e level of the charge accumulated have been determined. F urthe r in the work the authors made an attempt to employ industrial methods of the elimination of eelectrostatic charge for conservation purposes. After selecting a method of antielectrostatic preparation and establishing the criterious which should be met by preparations seven substances have been chosen. Then, the effectiveness of th e ir electrostatic activity has been checked on films of th ree varnishes th a t are used most frequently as conservation varnishes. The analysis of the results obtained in individual stages of work made it possible to state th a t the original and most important cause of the soiling of varnishes is th e ir electrostatic charging th a t in practice takes place even under th e effect of thermogravitational movements of the air. The dirt re maining on the surface of the warnish stays glued into it because of low melting temperatures of substances used to make varnishes. It is difficult for conservators alone to eliminate this great disadvantage of synthetic varnishes. Their manufactures must also work on this problem and it is from them th a t one should expect works on the possibilities of modifying electrostatic resins already at the stage of their polymerization. If this problem is not solved th a n it will be necessary once again to ask about profits and losses and thus about a justification for the use of varnishes from synthetic resins in conservation.