Русская религиозная мысль в контексте философского постижения модерна в XX веке

The article is devoted to the problem of relations between the ideas of religion and of the modern times in Russian and European philosophy of 19th and 20th century. Russian philosophical tradition is represented by P. Chaadaev, Slavophiles (I. Kireyevsky, A. Khomiakov, Yu. Samarin), Vl. Soloviev, S. Trubetskoy. Special attention has been paid to the social and political development of their philosophy of religion, which was outlined in the famous collection of issues Vekhi (1909). The author has chosen – as the representatives of European thought – R. Guardini, J. Habermas and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (the Pope Benedict XVI). It is thought that Russian thinkers – as opposed to their European colleagues – suggested a deeper understanding of the dialogic relations of religious and modern secular consciousness, in which both sides are not merely forced to allow the existence of each other, but genuinely cannot exist without each other – and are aware of that fact.