SLAVIC WORDS FOR 'LUNGS' AND 'LIVER' IN THE LIGHT OF DIALECTAL MATERIALS AND DIACHRONIC SOURCES (Slowianskie nazwy 'pluc' i 'watroby' w swietle materialów gwarowych i zródel historycznych)

This paper analyzes Slavic equivalents of the words 'lungs' and 'liver' included in the 'General Slavic Linguistic Atlas' (OLA) in relation to dialectal material not included in the Atlas, as well as some additional data coming from contemporary and historical Slavic dictionaries. To facilitate the analysis of the words two synthetic maps have been created. These maps employ uniform technical solutions: they contain captions and identical cartographic signs for the words that occur in both meanings. A juxtaposition of the Slavic words for 'lungs' and 'liver' in the paper is motivated by the fact that some of these words refer both to the lungs and the liver, and they are distinguished only by certain adjectival modifiers, such as 'white' or 'light' referring to the lungs, and 'black' or 'heavy' in reference to the liver. Thus, the words for the lungs are quite uniform in terms of their semantic motivation (the main motivating feature is lightness), but in lexical terms they are quite diversified. Conversely, the words for the liver show a remarkable variation in motivation. Some of them point to the general meaning of an 'internal organ' (e.g. *otroba, *jetra), but in large linguistic areas in the North-East these words are motivated by a culinary tradition (e.g. *pecen'). Comparative material extracted from the sources other than the OLA has made it possible to illustrate shifts in the semantic ranges of many words, in particular the replacement of original Slavic terms by foreign borrowings in South Slavic.