Hrajeme si na Boha? Lékařské technologie a změna Božího stvoření z perspektivy ší‘itského islámu

Shi‘ite Islam posits that medical technologies such as cloning or genetic engineering are not a change in God’s creation and cannot be forbidden for this reason. The study presents the main religious‑ legal arguments for this opinion and the difference between the view of Shi‘ite theology and jurisprudence in the interpretation of the term “change in God’s creation”. Jurisprudence emphasizes the spiritual nature of change (deviation from monotheism) over physical change and supports it with other methodological principles. This definition excludes the analysed medical techniques, and therefore jurisprudence does not consider them a change in God’s creation. The conclusions are supplemented by specific legal arguments concerning the most discussed areas, i.e. cloning, genetic engineering, gender reassignment and cosmetic surgeries, and briefly compared with the Sunni position.