Liberalny uniwersalizm a modernizacja świata niezachodniego. Punkt widzenia politologów oraz historyków idei

An object of the present reflection is the process of the globalization, the modernization and universalistic pretensions of the western liberalism, after the year 1989. Especially the fact, that the discussion about this problems is entangled into the ancient contest among the romantic pluralism and the Enlightenment universalism. The beginning of our considerations is the collation of the Huntington’s pluralistic tenet and the Brzeziński’s universalistic tenet. Then are introduced voices of critics of the western, liberal universalism, that is to say – the standpoints of I. Berlin, J. Gray, Z. Bauman and R. Rorty. Their critics refers first of all the Enlightenment rationalism, as the ideological source of the cultural imperialism and political tyranny. The defence of the liberal universalism is based onto the rehabilitation of Enlightenment rationalism as the essence and legitimate foundation of the western liberalism. Among defenders there are founds K. Popper, B. Russel, S. Holmes, Ch. Taylor and chiefly E. Gellner. Parenthetically of one of arguments of the latter, the author of the present text pays attention on the meaning of the rehabilitation of the classical metaphysics (with her categories of the nature and the transcendence) in the polemics of universalists with pluralists. A most general intention of the author of this text, is the exhibition, that the political science reflection on the subject the globalization is considerably related with the philosophical problems of the culture identity of the civilization of Occident.