Rozwój katedr i badań filologicznych z zakresu filologii klasycznej oraz germanistyki, romanistyki i anglistyki na uniwersytetach krakowskim i lwowskim w latach 1850–1918

The years 1850–1918 were a period of intense development for the Jagiellonian and Lviv Universities. This process was especially visible when it comes to philological studies. On their example we can see the impact of reforms which stimulated the emergence of depatments and evolution of interests in scholarly research – from classical languages to modern philologies. The universities took up a conscious and independent process of building departments in the field of Romance and English languages, which added to their prestige. In the field of classical philology, after the first generation of German universities graduates, native scholars appeared. The Germanic departments were still entrusted to scholars from the German language areas, whereas for the Romance and English studies, they were given over to the alumni of Galician universities. Apart from the field of classical philology, the universities did not build up any major research programs. The scholars pursued their own broad interests, and because they had a great general humanistic foundation and knowledge of a few to dozen foreign languages, they developed numerous detailed studies, comparative studies and syntheses, and disseminated current research in textbooks and dictionaries.