Cartel Parties and Beyond: What Characterizes Danish Parties?

The cartel party model was published almost 30 years ago, and in this seminal article, Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair argued that Denmark was a most likely case for cartel party tendencies due to the collaborative nature of lawmaking with broad policy coalitions. Research at the time indicated that Danish parties only had cartel party traits at the party level, not at the party system level. However, since then, several new parties have been formed, and established parties have changed. Hence, the purpose here is to show whether six established and six new Danish parties are cartel parties at both the party and system level. The conclusion is that across established and new parties, and the party and system levels, there is increased cartelization in combination with traits from other party types.