Twenty years since the Madrid attacks. Spain’s anti-terrorist security issues

The aim of the article is to present the causes, chronological course and effects of the attack carried out on 11 March 2004 in Madrid, taking into account differences and contradictions in reports about these events. The author analyses the actions taken by the Spanish authorities to ensure anti-terrorist security in the country, including the creation of structures to fight Islamic terrorism and Muslim extremism. He also discusses the problems and challenges faced by Spanish services fighting political violence and illegal migration of people from high-risk countries, which affect the state of state security.