Krótki przegląd wybranych doustnych leków przeciwcukrzycowych

The recently observed increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the high percentage of deaths due to its complications, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, is a significant public health problem today. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of hospitalisation in highly developed countries. Prevention of metabolic and vascular complications of type 2 diabetes is a priority action according to the recommendations of modern diabetology. Until recently, outpatient diabetes treatment focused solely on metformin, acarbose, sulfonylureas or thiazolidinediones. The appearance on the market of new oral hypoglycemic drugs made it possible to avoid insulin therapy or postpone the stage at which insulin becomes necessary for the control of diabetes. Some of these drugs significantly reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular causes as well as the frequency of hospitalization due to heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction in both people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and without concomitant diabetes. The drug that permanently connected diabetes and cardiology is empagliflozin – a competitive inhibitor of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2.