Towards “green” ANFO: study of perchlorates and inorganic peroxides as potential additives

The deposited data was collected as part of the research project entitled: “Investigation of the effect of additives to ammonium nitrate-based explosives on their shock sensitivity". This study was funded by the National Science Centre in the frame of the Preludium Bis-2 scientific project, contract number 2020/39/O/ST5/03293.

Ammonium nitrate - fuel oil (ANFO) is an explosive mixture that is classified as a tertiary explosive. ANFO exhibits low to moderate energetic parameters, typically inferior to those of nitroester explosives, such as dynamites. Despite that, it is widely used in industry (mining) and civil engineering, due to its relatively low cost and safety (ANFO is typically almost insensitive to common initiating stimuli, such as impact or friction).

The study concerns the improvement of the basic energetic parameters of ANFO-type material by modification morphology of prills ammonium nitrate and addition of selected chlorate(VII) salts and organic peroxides.

The addition of magnesium perchlorate, barium perchlorate in the solution of acetone and sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, sodium perborate in a acetone suspension showed an increase porosity of ammonium nitrate prills. Decomposition temperature and pseudo-activation energy analysis for each modified sample showed an improvement in these parameters compared to unmodified samples. Researches of friction and impact sensitivity for each sample showed a lack or slight increase in the sensitivity of modified samples containing wt.1% of the additives on relative to the base material and for modified samples containing wt.7% of the additives a significant increase in sensitivity to straight stimuli has been shown. Research has been proven that modifications improve energetic parameters of materials.

The dataset consists of the following files:

DTA ANFO (N) -  raw data from the results of thermal stability testing ANFO sample with naphtha as fuel for 16 hours heated at 65–70 °C at by thermograwimetric analyzer, MOM Q1500, with a Paulik–Paulik–Erdey system.

DTA ANFO (P) -  raw data from the results of thermal stability testing ANFO sample with paraffin as fuel for 16 hours heated at 65–70 °C by thermograwimetric analyzer, MOM Q1500, with a Paulik–Paulik–Erdey system.

Impact and friction sensitivity - raw data from the results of friction and impact sensitivity tests. Friction and impact sensitivity were performed according to relevant international standards, using the Peters’ friction apparatus and BAM Fallhammer apparatus, respectively.

Mg(ClO4)2 7% N  - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the magnesium perchlorate with naphtha as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

Mg(ClO4)2 7%P - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the magnesium perchlorate with paraffin as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

Ba(ClO4)2 7% N - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the barium perchlorate with naphtha as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

Ba(ClO4)2 7% P - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the barium perchlorate with paraffin as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

SPB 7% N - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the sodium perborate with naphtha as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

SPB 7% P -raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the sodium perborate with paraffin as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

SPC 7% N - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate with naphtha as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

SPC 7% P - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples containing wt. 7% of the sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate with paraffin as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

ANFO N - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples with naphtha as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

ANFO P - raw data regarding research results from the decomposition temperatures of the ANFO samples with paraffin as fuel. determined using an Automatic Explosion Temperature 402 Tester (OZM Research, Bliznovice, Czech Republic). Samples of 50 ± 1 mg were used to determine the ignition/explosion temperatures. The measurement was carried out in the range of 100–400 °C; heating rate: 10 K/min

Please consult the readme file for additional information.