Climate and Energy Policy Proposals in the Manifestos of Polish Parliamentary Parties (2005–2019) (social network perspective)

These are tabular data presenting the presence or absence of specific climate-related policy proposals in the electoral programs of political parties in Poland between 2005 and 2019.

• Each row corresponds to one party in a given election year (e.g., PO 2005, PiS 2011, Lewica 2019).
• Each column represents a specific climate or energy policy proposal (e.g., “reduction of CO₂ emissions,” “phasing out coal,” “renewable energy sources,” “support for energy-intensive industries”).
• The value “1” indicates the presence of a given proposal in the party’s program, while an empty cell means its absence.

The categorization key is a framework used to classify the content of electoral programs with regard to climate-related issues. Its purpose is to capture not only explicit references to climate policy (e.g., CO₂ reduction, renewable energy development, or opposition to EU climate regulations) but also broader programmatic proposals in areas such as economy, transport, housing, or agriculture, whose implementation could indirectly affect the climate.

The key consists of four main categories:

1. Mitigation measures – proposals directly aimed at protecting the climate (e.g., greenhouse gas reduction, energy transition, renewables, energy efficiency, afforestation, sustainable development, circular economy, low-emission transport).
2. Adaptation measures – proposals enabling society to adapt to climate change impacts (e.g., water retention, adaptation plans, risk mapping, climate education, blue-green infrastructure, reducing urban heat island effects).
3. Measures explicitly counteracting mitigation – proposals rejecting or undermining climate action (e.g., climate change denial, questioning human impact, opposing international climate agreements, arguing that Poland’s actions are irrelevant compared to major emitters).
4. Measures indirectly counteracting mitigation – proposals driven by other policy goals, but which hinder emission reduction (e.g., subsidies for fossil fuels, support for energy-intensive industries, tax breaks for motor fuels, promotion of car and air transport, expansion of road and airport infrastructure).

This coding scheme enabled the systematic identification of climate-relevant content in party programs and served as the basis for subsequent tabular coding and network analysis.