Przepływ w kanałach otwartych z uwzględnieniem zjawisk lodowych

Monografia stanowi próbę zebrania podstawowych informacji związanych z wystąpieniem zjawisk lodowych na wodach śródlądowych, przy czym główny nacisk położono na zagadnienia związane z wodami płynącymi, tj. rzekami, kanałami i zbiornikami przepływowymi. Przedstawiono wpływ zjawisk lodowych na warunki przepływu i wpływ warunków hydraulicznych na tworzenie się różnych form lodu i stałej pokrywy lodowej (Majewski 2007). W monografii w przeważającej części jest odniesienie do warunków polskich, a w szczególności do słynnej powodzi zimowej w styczniu 1982 r. w górnej części zbiornika Włocławskiego w dzielnicy Płocka - Radziwiu. Monografia jest również podsumowaniem wieloletnich prac badawczych Autora w dziedzinie hydrauliki związanych z występowaniem lodu w różnej postaci. Większość badań wykonano w Instytucie Budownictwa Wodnego PAN w Gdańsku w ramach PR 7 i CPBP 03.09. Monografia jest przeznaczona dla inżynierów hydrotechników oraz specjalistów gospodarki wodnej, jak również dla studentów wydziałów inżynierii środowiska i budownictwa wodnego. Liczne przykłady inżynierskie zamieszczone w tekście pozwolą czytelnikom na lepsze zrozumienie wpływu różnych form lodowych na warunki hydrauliczne występujące w okresie zimowym. Monografia zawiera bibliografię pozwalającą na znalezienie szerszych informacji z dziedziny przepływów związanych ze zjawiskami lodowymi.

Flow in open channels under the influence of ice phenomena Summary In many countries of the northern hemisphere, including Poland, on inland waters in winter appears ice, which causes essential changes of hydraulic, physical, chemical and ecological conditions in rivers, channels and reservoirs. The run of ice phenomena on inland waterways is the element of a compound chain of physical processes, which appear between water body and surrounding environment. Appearance of ice on inland waters results also in substantial difficulties in such spheres as hydro-energy, inland navigation or exploitation of various hydraulic structures. This monograph is an attempt to present basic information connected with the appearance of ice phenomena on inland waters, mainly flowing waters. The influence of ice phenomena on flow conditions and vice versa is presented. In the monograph predominant part refers to Poland conditions and especially to winter flood in January 1982 on the upstream part of Włocławek reservoir. The monograph constitutes the summary of multiyear Author’s studies of the hydraulics connected with the appearance of ice. Apart from numerous problems of scientific character many engineering aspects were presented. The monograph presents also numerous problems connected with ice phenomena, which appear in the countries of severe winters like Russia, USA, Sweden or Canada. These studies were presented on International Ice Symposia, which were held every two years since 1970 (Appendix 1). English-Polish dictionary of expressions concerning ice phenomena are also included (Appendix 2). In the beginning of the monograph the review of Polish studies in the realm of ice phenomena since the Second World War is described (Chapter 3). Basic physical factors connected with the development of ice phenomena e.g. density, thermal conductivity, heat exchange between water body and the surrounding environment and their influence on the formation of ice are described in Chapter 4. Complicated process of the formation of various ice forms on stagnant and running waters depending on thermal and hydraulic conditions are described in Chapter 5 as well as the formation of continuous ice cover on running waters (Chapter 6). In Chapter 7 essential influence of ice cover on the velocity distribution over the whole depth is presented and the attempts do describe this distribution by means of logarithmic curve. The change of hydraulic conditions resulting from the existence of ice 112 cover requires the knowledge of the roughness coefficient of the lower surface of ice cover as well as equivalent (composite) roughness coefficient, which takes into account river bottom and ice cover (Chapter 8). In Chapter 9 conditions of steady, uniform flow with continuous and partial ice cover are presented, as well as the way of modelling such flow and in particular, relation between discharge and the flow depth. Conditions of steady non-uniform flow with continuous and partial ice cover (backwater profile) and the way of modelling such flow are described in Chapter 10. In Chapter 11 conditions of the unsteady flow with ice cover are discussed. Ice conditions on the Lower Vistula, with special reference to the ice-jam flood 1982 are presented in Chapter 12. Several problems of engineering character (hydroenergy, inland navigation, exploitation of hydraulic structures in winter conditions) are presented in Chapter 13 and an essential engineering problem such as ice-breaking is shortly described in Chapter 14. The monograph ends with the list of notations.