Powódź w Gdańsku w lipcu 2001

Podstawowym celem monografii jest przedstawienie całokształtu zagadnień związanych z przyczynami, przebiegiem, skutkami i podjętymi działaniami po nagłej powodzi miejskiej w Gdańsku w 2001 r. Powódź w Gdańsku w 2001 r. przedstawiono na tle powodzi historycznych, jakie wystąpiły na terenie Żuław Wiślanych, a szczególnie na obszarze Żuław Gdańskich i w Gdańsku. Przedstawiono również działania, jakie zazwyczaj podejmowano na tym terenie w celu ochrony przed powodzią i przeciwdziałania jej skutkom (Majewski i in. 2003). W tej części monografii uznałem za nieuzasadnione dalekie cofanie się w czasie, zarówno zagospodarowanie terenu, liczba ludności, jak i warunki klimatyczne uległy bowiem istotnym zmianom i są trudno porównywalne. Warto jednak przypomnieć o sytuacjach, które miały miejsce w podobnych warunkach. Celowe jest zwrócenie uwagi na sposób podejścia do ochrony przeciwpowodziowej, który ulegał znacznym zmianom w ciągu ostatnich dekad. Wynikają one ze zmieniającego się zagospodarowania przestrzennego, jak również rachunku kosztów i korzyści.

Flood in Gdańsk in July 2001 Summary In July 2001 Gdańsk was invaded by a sudden short lasting flood called urban flash flood. This flood during 4 hours caused considerable direct losses in the city infrastructure only, amounting to about 200 million PLN. On top of this were indirect losses and considerable losses of ordinary people. The flood was caused by the rainstorm of important intensity concentrated mainly on the catchment of Radunia Channel. Several streets in Gdańsk were changed into torrential rivers and the main railway station Gdańsk was flooded by water more than 1 m deep. This resulted in one week break of railway station operation. The monograph is divided into 17 chapters with bibliography, English summary and information about the author. In the first chapter general introduction to the Gdańsk flash flood is given. Subsequent three chapters deal with general information about floods, which appear in Poland, the changes in the approach to the protection against flood beginning from simple separation of water from people to integrated flood management and flood risk management. Technical and non-technical means of flood protection are also described. Technical means include retention reservoirs, flood dykes, dry reservoirs, flood polders, flood gates and relief channels. Nontechnical means include mainly forecast and monitoring systems, organization in case of flood, removal of flood damages and education of people. Next five chapters present the general description of the region Żuđawy, floods which appeared in the past on this area, development of the direct river channel of Vistula called PRZEKOP, more detailed presentation of Gdańsk Żuđawy (part of the area Żuđawy) and Gdańsk Water Node, which constitutes the system of streams, rivers and channels and main hydraulic structures on Gdańsk Żuđawy. Chapter 10 and 11 deal with the hydrological analysis and meteorological conditions of Gdańsk Żuđawy. Chapter 12 presents the reasons, run and consequences of the flood on the 9 th July 2001. This includes information about precipitation, inflow to the Radunia Channel, mechanism of breaching the channel embankment, places where channel embankment was breached and their consequences. Next two chapters describe losses caused the flood and actions, which were undertaken during flood and after its subsidence. Chapter 15 gives the description of the project, which was undertaken after the flood. Its aim was the proposal of various measures to protect Gdańsk against flood in case of similar rainstorm. Chapter 16 presents all actions, which were undertaken after the flood proposed in the project. The monograph ends with conclusions.