Latest Cretaceous leaf floras from southern Poland and western Ukraine

Latest Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian) leaf fossil assemblages are described from 33 exposures ranging from the southern border of the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland) through the Roztocze region (south−eastern Poland) to the vicinity of L’viv (western Ukraine). The fossil assemblage is allochthonous, preserved in marine sediments, yet complete compound leaves strongly argue for the transport having been short. Krasnobród and Potelych (Potylicz) are the richest localities; both are late Campanian. The abundance of angiosperm remains in this period is explained by a marine lowstand resulting in nearby emergent vegetated areas. The flora was composed of ferns (three species), conifers (five species, including the commonest Geinitzia reichenbachii), dicotyledons (seventeen taxa; Debeya paulinae sp. nov., two other species of Debeya, and Rarytkinia polonica being the most frequent), and a single presumed monocotyledon. The eudicot clade is formalised as supersubclass Eudicotyledoneae Doyle and Hotton ex Halamski, herein. The approximately equal abundance of serrate/lobate and entire−margined dicots attests to an intermediate character of the flora between more thermophilic and polar vegetation. The material may have come from at least two communities: xeromorphic mixed Debeya−conifer forests and platanoid−Lauraceae forests growing in disturbed environments along rivers. The assemblage is most similar to approximately coeval floras from Westphalia and the Netherlands.