Life cycle energy consumption and CO2 emissions of different car types

In this research, the energy consumption and emissions of gasoline cars, battery electric cars, fuel cells electric (FCE) cars, compressed naturel gas (CNG) cars, liquid propane-butane gas (LPG) cars, etc., during their life cycles are presented. A set of flow charts presenting the production of cars and used fuel/energy is developed. These charts and the latest data for electricity production emission factor and raw materials prices are used. A comparative analysis is done. Results for primary energy and carbon emissions are presented in graphical form. They show the most economical and ecological car decisions.