Rola palladu w elektrochemii : właściwości, procesy elektroosadzania i zastosowanie

Palladium is an investment metal that occurs extremely rarely, yet demand for this metal grows each year. Due to its unique properties, it plays a crucial role in many industrial sectors and everyday life. It is widely used in the automotive industry for catalytic converters, in the electronics sector for integrated circuits, in the energy sector as an electrode material in fuel cells, and for energy storage (hydrogen). Among many methods of obtaining palladium materials, electrochemistry holds great potential. By selecting appropriate parameters of electrodeposition process, it is possible to obtain palladium materials with specific chemical compositions (single-, binary-, or ternary-phase) in the form of layers or nanostructures with defined geometries (shape and size). The energy efficiency and catalytic performance of the obtained palladium materials can be enhanced by using suitable carriers with high conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, and large surface area. Since the breakthrough announcement of cold fusion using palladium by Fleischmann and Pons, interest in palladium has increased significantly, and research on palladium-based materials continues to be extensive. The aim of this article is to discuss the properties of palladium, review research on the electrodeposition of palladium materials, and highlight selected applications (such as in fuel cells and hydrogen production and storage). Additionally, future research perspectives related to palladium will be outlined.