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The article is an attempt to rethink the relationship between chance and necessity in the work of Stanisław Lem. The author of the article uses both the expository and literary philosophy of the writer himself as well as Lacanian psychoanalysis (especially the topological view of the unconsciousness of desire) and Michel Foucault’s archeology of knowledge (especially the problem of the limits of representation and analogy as an alternative to dialectics). The two main theses of the article are: 1. classical philosophy (Kant, Hegel) provides Lem with such fundamental categories as critical imagination or abolition of genesis, and is treated as parallel (not secondary or supplementary) to biotechnological theory; 2. the writer approaches the problem of Other-ness from the anti-dualist perspective.