Multiple sclerosis – new therapeutic directions

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease which affects the central nervous system. Currently, there are numerous disease-modifying therapies for this condition. Most of them address the inflammatory aspects of the disease and are most effective in the relapsing-remitting stages of multiple sclerosis. However, none of them can completely stop the progression of MS and they are usually associated with adverse effects. There is an ongoing search for novel approaches that involve different modes of action. Here, we discuss examples of new immunomodulating agents such as antigen-specific therapies, neuroprotectants, regenerative strategies and gut microbiota modification.