Multicomponent Approach for Stable Methylammonium-Free Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells

Mixed tin–lead perovskites suffer from several degradation pathways that hinder their effective implementation in tandem photovoltaic technologies. The main challenge involves removing the thermally unstable methylammonium cation from the perovskite composition and simultaneously increasing the oxidation resistance of the tin-based material. This study employs a multi-component approach to address these issues, developing methylammonium-free tin–lead perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations that tune precursor solution properties enhances the quality of MA-free perovskite films, while reducing agents and surface engineering techniques enhance robustness and carrier dynamics. Consequently, the methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells achieve over 22% efficiency and demonstrate significantly enhanced stability, with minimal losses after over 700 hours of continuous operation under 1 sun illumination. This work evidences the potential of comprehensive strategies to process fragile materials, as tin-containing perovskites, with improved quality and brings them closer to their successful broad applications.

S.-H.T.-C. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva Formación FJC2019-041835-I), Generalitat Valenciana under BEST project (CIBEST/2021/234) and POLONES BIS 1 (DEC-2021/43/P/ST5/01780) for the financial support during this work. J.P. acknowledges DonostiaINN for a postdoctoral fellowship. I.M.-S. and P.P.B. want to acknowledge funding support of Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under PERIPHERAL (PID2020-120484RB project), Step-Up (TED2021-131600B-C31 and TED2021-131600B-C32, respectively). S.H. acknowledges the financial support from JSPS for a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (21J14762) and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). I.M.-S. acknowledges the funding from University Jaume I under the project Sn-flex (22I586), and A.W. acknowledges the financial support from JST-Mirai Program (JPMJMI22E2), NEDO, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (21H04699), the International Collaborative Research Program of ICR, Kyoto University, ICR Grants for Promoting Integrated Research, Kyoto University, grants for the Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences.