Gynogeneza in vitro jako metoda haploidyzacji roślin

This paper reviews last three decades of work on in vitro cultures ofunpollinated ovaries or ovules. During in vitro gynogenesis, plants are producedfrom embryos or callus tissue of haploid (parhtenogenetic or apogamic) origin.Thus, in vitro gynogenesis offers an efficient method for plant breeders whowant to obtain haploid plants and homozygous lines. Stability of DH-lines andvery limited albinism of regenerated plants are major advantages of the method.The limiting factors are genotype effects in particular species and relatively highlabour compared to anther or microspore cultures. Since 1976, the studies on invitro gynogenesis have been performed in 27 species including many crops. Furthermore, gynogenetic haploids have been routinely used in breedingprogrammes for sugar beet, onion and rice. Because of labour expenses, cultures of unpollinated ovaries or ovules are usually chosen when no other efficient method is available for haploid production in a given species.

KULTURY IN VITRO I BIOTECHNOLOGIA ROŚLIN