In medicine, the term "compliance" is associated with medical practice and guidance, especially in relation to chronic diseases. Its definition has evolved with the development of modern medicine. In the last decade, the relationship between patient and doctor has changed significantly. The increasing importance of therapeutic success is attributed to the personalization of medicine and the consideration of patients’ perspectives and preferences. The purpose of this manuscript is to find a modern definition of the term compliance in relation to diabetes and to determine what elements of personalized medicine can be incorporated into patient care to improve overall clinical success. In this article, the authors discuss the topics of compliance and personalized medicine in diabetes care taking into account both available medical publications as well as many years of the authors’ own clinical experience.