Francuska sieć kulturalna za granica w obliczu reform (2007-2013): najlepszy sposób na przekazywanie kultury francuskiej?

Teza ta jest analizą organizacji francuskiej polityki kulturalnej za granicą. To jest analizą reform podjętych przez rząd i parlament od 2007 roku. Jest ona oparta na analizie historycznej organizacji administracyjnych, które działają w celu wdrożenia kultury. Teza projektu dymplomowego ma poddać ocenie szereg reformy:- Reforma organizacji dyrekcji w Ministerstwie Spraw Zagranicznych w 2009 r.- Stworzenie Institut Français w 2011- Fuzja ośrodków kultury i kultury ambasady francuskich z 2010 roku

Ce mémoire n'est pas en soi une analyse du champ de la politique culturelle ou des projets portés par les Instituts Français et des Alliances Françaises sur le terrain. Il analyse le mode d’organisation de la politique culturelle à travers le prisme d’un corpus de réformes entreprises par le législateur et les administrations de l’état depuis la fin des années 2000. Il est basé sur une analyse historique d’entités administratives et d’organisations qui concourent en France et à l’étranger à la mise en œuvre de la politique culturelle.Ce projet de mémoire a pour but de questionner un corpus de réformes:- La création de la Direction Générale de la Mondialisation au MAE en 2009.- La création de l’Institut Français en 2011.- La fusion entre les centres culturels à autonomie financière et les SCAC à l’étranger à partir de 2010.Si ces réformes sont décrites successivement, indépendamment les unes des autres, elles sont analysées comme un grand projet de modernisation, un ensemble de réformes s’articulant les unes aux autres et qui modifient profondément l’organisation et la mise en œuvre de la politique culturelle française à l’étranger. La création de l’Institut Français par la loi du 27 juillet 2010 relative à l’action extérieure de l’état est la réforme qui est la plus médiatisée et celle qui a véritablement transformé l’organisation administrative de la politique culturelle française. Au-delà des trois réformes de structure mentionnées ci-dessus, ce travail de recherche met en perspective ces changements structurels et les distingue des changements conjoncturels auxquels doivent faire face ceux qui organisent et mettent en œuvre la politique culturelle de la France.

This MA thesis is aimed at analyzing a corpus of reform related to the organization of the cultural diplomacy of France abroad.The cultural policy of France abroad is defined and implemented by different administrative bodies. The cultural strategy of France is defined and decided by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) since the19th century. It is a tradition aimed at keeping all the external affairs in the hand of one Ministry. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs control and manage a network of cultural centers abroad in more than 160 countries. The network is made of French Cultural Centers and French Institutes that are directly dependent on the Embassies. The French cultural network is also made of a network of 1,040 associations, the Alliance Françaises, which are implemented in almost every country in the world. The Alliances Françaises are very active in the US and in Poland which were used as a case study for this thesis. The cultural network is responsible for conducting the cultural policy of France abroad and organizes more than 50 000 cultural events worldwide every year.There is an organic relationship between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the cultural network abroad. However, since the beginning of the 20th century, the Ministry has delegated the organization and the coordination of the activities of the cultural network to associations.This thesis is not in itself an analysis of the field of cultural policy and projects supported by the French government abroad. It is an analysis of the organization of cultural policies abroad through the prism of a corpus of reforms undertaken by the government and the parliament since 2007. It is based on a historical analysis of administrative entities and organizations that compete in France and abroad in the implementation of cultural policy.This thesis project aims to question a set of reforms:- The reform of the organization of Directorates at the MFA in 2009- The creation of the Institut Français in 2011- The merger between Cultural Centers and Cultural Services of French Embassies from 2010If these reforms are described sequentially, independently of each other, they are analyzed as a major modernization project, a set of reforms being articulated together that profoundly alter the organization and the implementation of French cultural policy abroad. These reforms are implemented in the context of the French General Review of Public Policies (RGPP), which has for consequence caused cuts in public expenditures and a withdrawal of the French government in many public services.The creation of the Institut Français is the most publicized reform and has substantially transformed the administrative organization of French cultural policy. The original goal of the Minister of Foreign Affairs was to transfer the management of cultural diplomacy to the Institut Français, but the reform was altered and the transfer was not completed. However, an experimentation of the transfer was successfully conducted in 12 countries abroad. At the end of 2013, the French government will decide whether the network and their employees will be transferred to the newly created Institut Français or if they will remain under the authority of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. These reforms were advertized as a transformation and a solution to the issues related to the organization of French cultural policies, the reform is incomplete and still ongoing. Furthermore, the outcome remains unclear since the reforms are being implemented in a context of budget cuts and withdrawal of the participation of the government.